A study of human resource management practices and their changes in Japan

Japan is a country of about ۱۲۸ million people located in the eastern part of the ancient continent, whose main imports include food, oil and raw materials, and electronic equipment of industrial machinery and engineering tools are its most important exports. Although the Japanese face a shortage of natural resources, they have invested heavily in training and educating their staff. Large investments in human resources are both the cause and effect of economic development. Increasing human capital stimulates economic growth, and the demand for highly skilled labor draws attention to significant educational achievements. Creativity, management and competitiveness are the three main elements of development in Japan, and the seniority-based pay system is supported by Japanese culture and tradition, but has no economic meaning. The Japanese model of management focuses on the management of groups of people, not individuals, and the prosperity and failure of the government in its people; Therefore, in Japan, human resources are the most valuable assets for various companies and for the government. On the other hand, it is clear that there is tension in Japanese human resource activities between old and new: globalization and economic factors have led to changes in human resource development; However, traditional culture and ingrained mindsets, which inevitably influence the way human resources are managed, have resisted these changes.

Keywords:

Human Resources , Japan , Management , National Culture , Labor