Antibiotics Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From In-patients of an Orthopaedic Hospital in North- Western Nigeria

Background and aims: Staphylococcus aureus, an important pathogen in bone diseases, is a highly multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterium. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance among S. aureus isolated from patients on admission in an orthopaedic hospital. Methods: In this cross-sectional research, ۱۴۰ samples comprising urine samples, wound swabs, and nasal swabs were collected from ۴۹ patients on admission. Samples were cultured and screened for S. aureus following standard procedures. Using the agar-disk diffusion method, the isolates were subjected to antibiotics susceptibility tests. Results: S. aureus were isolated from ۲۶ (۱۸.۶%) samples, and wound swabs were found to have the highest number of the S. aureus isolates with ۱۲ (۴۶.۲%). Among the ۲۶ S. aureus isolated, ۲۵ (۹۶.۲%) isolates were resistant to at least four or more of the tested antibiotics. There were ۲۳ (۸۸.۵%) MDR isolates, while there were only ۲ (۷.۶%) extensively drug resistant ones. The number of methicillin-resistant S. aureus were ۱۷ (۶۵.۴% of the isolates), while the number of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus were ۹ (۳۴.۶% of the isolates). A total of ۲۲ (۸۴.۶%) isolates had multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) index greater than ۰.۲. Inducible clindamycin resistance of ۲ (۷.۶%) was observed. Conclusion: This study showed that the S. aureus isolated from the patients were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Regular surveillance of antibiotic resistance is of utmost importance, since it facilitates the design or development of the treatment regimens that could check the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Keywords:

Staphylococcus aureus , Orthopaedic patients , Antibiotic resistance , Multi-drug resistance , North-Western Nigeria