Determination of Hearing Loss Prevalence in Preschool Children of Ahwaz

Introduction: Children learn to communicate by hearing sounds. If there is hearing loss, the cognitive and speaking abilities and language learning will deteriorate. Early detection and intervention are important factors in the successful treatment of hearing loss in children. Hearing loss (HL) is divided into two main groups: conductive hearing loss (CHL) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), the prevalence of the former being higher in children, many whose causes are easy to detect and treat. Material and Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, ۷۸۵ children, aged ۶-۷ years, entering elementary school Grade ۱ in the school year ۲۰۱۰/۲۰۱۱, were randomly selected from ۱۰% of Ahwaz Hearing Loss Screening Centers, and their audiograms were studied. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and descriptive statistics. Results: Out of the ۷۸۵ preschool children examined in this study, ۷۷ children (۹.۸%) suffered from HL (۴۲.۹% female and ۵۷.۱% male), ۵۹.۷% from CHL, and ۴۰.۳% from SNHL. Twenty-six percent suffered from bilateral HL and ۷۴% from unilateral HL. Thirty-eight point ninety-six percent had abnormal tympanometry, ۶۱% of whom were Type B. Most of the children (۵۳%) had mild HL. Thirty-one point two percent of parents were aware of their children's HL. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of HL, especially SNHL, in this study, which is usually permanent but detectable at the neonatal ages, raising public awareness and early screening of ear diseases, which can lead to the detection and treatment in most cases, seem to be vital.

Keywords:

Conductive Hearing Loss , Screening , Sensorineural hearing loss