Bio-functions of carvacrol-supplemented feeds on lipopolysaccharide-induced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, ۱۷۹۲)

To investigate the effects of carvacrol supplementation in rainbow trout induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), relative gene expressions levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis markers in kidney and liver were measured. Fish with a mean weight of ۴۴.۷۱±۱.۳۳ g were studied using four different treatments with three replicates each. Inflammation and apoptosis were performed using LPS of Escherichia coli (۲۵ µg ml-۱) except in the control group and only carvacrol (۱۰۰ µg ml-۱ diet) containing diets were fed to this group (CAR). The last group was the infected fish fed carvacrol supplemented diet (+CAR). Kidney and liver tissues were removed ۳ days after to determine the levels of interleukin-۱β (IL-۱β), interferon gamma (INF-γ), caspase ۳ (Cas ۳), caspase ۸ (Cas ۸) using Real-Time PCR analyses. IL-۱β expressions of both kidney and liver was significantly decreased (۱۲.۹ and ۲.۱۴ fold, respectively) in LPS treated cells (p<۰.۰۵). While IFN-γ expression was up regulated in kidney, it had down regulation in liver. LPS decreased both Cas ۳ and ۸ expressions in kidney but increased in liver. +CAR increased expressions of IL-۱β and IFN-γ compared with the control (up to ۲-۳ fold) in all tissues except caspase gene expressions that were similar in the control. In all tissues, IL-۱β and IFN-γ expressions increased in +CAR group, expect IFN-γ in the kidney. However, Cas ۳ and ۸ expressions including apoptosis was induced by up-down regulations in all tissues compared to LPS-injected fish. The results showed that carvacrol had pro-inflammatory and apoptotic effects especially on liver tissue of LPS-induced inflammation model of Oncorhynchus mykiss.  

Keywords:

Carvacrol , Caspases , Inflammatory cytokines , LPS , Rainbow trout