Investigating the short-term and long-term effects of economic factors on economic Growth along the belt and road area

The perspective of any country or region is effective in achieving sustainable economic growth.The inability of any country to have a sustainable initiative has led to economic cooperation such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI),which creates interaction between 38 countries to increase economic development. The innovation and distinction of this study from other studies in examining the impact of economic factors on economic growth is for 81 countries in the BRI region.Considering the regional classification of the respective countries, the applied analytical method shows the existence of heterogeneity in the slope coefficient and cross-sectional dependence.The results of Westerland correlation test show that the variables used have a long-run equilibrium relationship. Also, the results of the integrated group panel data (PMG) approach show that the weight (order of importance) of the explanatory variables in economic growth varies across regional groups. Finally, the causality test results show a two-way causal relationship between energy consumption. And economic growth in all regions except Southeast and South Asia, which are experiencing one-sided effects in terms of energy consumption.According to the results, energy consumption, urbanization, trade and CO2 emissions are the determinants of economic growth in the BRI path. energy sources should be advocated among the countries involved.