Effect of Ethanol Extract of Aframomum angustifolium Seed on the Induction of Nephrotoxicity by Bromate in Wistar Rats

Background: The continued use of bromate due to its oxidizing property poses health hazards since it is an established nephrotoxic agent. Objectives: This study evaluated the capacity of the ethanol extract of Aframomum angustifolium seeds to ameliorate the nephrotoxicity of potassium bromate in Wistar rats. Methods: In stage I of this study, the main phytochemical groups in the seeds were quantified using spectrophotometric procedures. The acute and sub-chronic toxicities of the extract were studied by monitoring physical and biochemical parameters in stage II. In stage III, the reno-protective effect of the extract were determined by administering ۳۵۰ and ۷۵۰ mg/kg bw of the extract with ۳۰ mg/kg bw potassium bromate orally. The reno-protective study lasted for ۵۶ days and the effect of treatment on biomarkers was determined on days ۲۸ and ۵۶. Results: The phytochemical groups (i.e., alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, ascorbic acid, and alpha-tocopherol) were detected in the seeds. The acute and sub-chronic oral administration of the extract did not induce any significant toxic reactions across the studied concentrations. The sub-chronic administration of the extract reduced average weight gain in the treated groups. The obtained results in the reno-protective and histological studies indicated that the seed extract offers protection against the induced oxidative assault by bromate. Conclusion: In general, the co-administration of the ethanol extract of A. angustifolium seeds with bromate can reduce its nephrotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner.

Keywords:

Aframomum angustifolium , Bromate , Nephrotoxicity , Reno-protection , Phytochemicals