Analysis of diseases caused by hemoglobin deficiency:Sickle cell anemia and thalassemia

Hemoglobin is a protein with four g-chains of polypeptides, one pair ofwhich is α and the other pair β, and is present in red blood cells, whose roleis to transport oxygen. A defect in the structure and function of hemoglobinis called hemoglobinopathy. Many people get this defect every year.Hemoglobinopathy causes diseases such as sickle cell anemia andthalassemia. There are several treatments for these two conditions, includingthe use of prophylactic drugs such as penicillin and hydroxyurea, the mostdefinitive method of bone marrow transplantation, and blood transfusions.Frequent blood transfusions, in addition to increasing the risk of infectiousdiseases such as HIV, hepatitis, etc.; It can lead to iron deposition in variousorgans of the body and cause irreparable damage. If we do not take thetreatment of these patients seriously, it may lead to their death. Sincehemoglobin deficiency causes a lot of problems for the patient and thefamily and the cost of treatment is very high and sometimes has severe sideeffects, prevention is better than treatment; In many countries of the world,screening tests before marriage as well as during pregnancy have been veryuseful and have significantly reduced the incidence of sickle cell disease andthalassemia.

Keywords:

Hemoglobinopathy , Hemoglobin , Sickle cell anemia , Alphathalassemia , Beta thalassemia