The role of IGF۱R and GRB۷ genes in targetedtreatment of breast cancer

Breast cancer is recognized as the most common malignancy amongwomen worldwide which involve about ۱۳% of the general population ofthem. Targeted therapies can play an important role in the treatment ofbreast cancer because they improve the accuracy of antitumor activity andminimize toxicity to normal tissues. Genetic and environmental factorsresult in the accumulation of mutations in essential genes in breast cancer.A large number of genes as oncogenes and tumor suppressors are associatedin the development and progression of breast cancer, but further research ofsome appear to play more of a role than others that help us in the targetedtherapies and prognosis of breast cancer. The studies demonstrated that theupregulation of IGF-۱R and Grb۷ in breast cancer play crucial roles inseveral tumor-related mechanisms, such as tumor growth and metastasis, aswell as drug resistance. IGF-۱R is a tyrosine kinase type receptor, withdistinct α and β subunits. It could activate PI۳K/AKT and Ras/mitogenactivatedprotein kinase pathways and may act as a prognostic biomarkerfor the breast cancer. GRB۷ enhances G۱/S transmission by activating theAKT pathway. The variation in Grb۷ is an expected adverse outcome ofHER۲ signaling inhibition. It seems that targeting these genes and theirpathways have opened up a new avenue to treatment of cancer. In thisreview, we intend to discuss the importance of IGF۱R and GRB۷ genes intargeted therapies with the latest breakthroughs in molecular biology andimmunotherapy for breast cancer, as well as highlight the importance offurther investigation of IGF۱R and GRB۷ in breast cancer targetedtherapies.

Keywords:

IGF۱R , GRB۷ , Breast cancer