Sequential observation of antibody response pattern at ۳ and ۶ months following ChAdOx۱ nCoV-۱۹ vaccination among health care workers-A prospective single cohort study

Background: The duration of the immune response induced by ChAdOx۱ nCoV-۱۹ vaccination in a real-world setting is unknown.  Objectives: This study is aimed to estimate the ۶-month trend of SARS-CoV-۲ antibody titer after Covishield vaccination among Health Care workers (HCW) and their associated factors. Materials & Methods: A prospective single cohort study of health care workers was done in a tertiary care-teaching institute of central Kerala from January ۲۰۲۱ to October ۲۰۲۱. HCWs who have given pre-vaccination serum sample for SARS-CoV-۲ antibody estimation and negative for SARS-CoV-۲ antibody were included. They were followed up and their blood samples to check for antibody levels were taken ۲۸ days after first dose, ۲ weeks after second dose, and ۳ and ۶ months after first dose of ChAdOx۱ nCoV-۱۹ vaccine. Samples taken from ۱۰۲ HCW were sent for SARS-CoV-۲ IgG antibody testing. Quantitative results were reported as signal to cut-off (S/C) value. Result: Mean age of the study participants was ۳۹.۳ (age range:۱۹-۷۱) yrs. and ۷۱.۶% were females. Antibody levels of participants at ۳rd month ranged from ۰.۲۸ S/C to ۲۱.۲ S/C with a mean of ۸.۰۱. Only ۳۴ (۳۳.۳%) HCW had IgG antibody levels >۹.۵ S/C. Mean antibody level further declined to ۶.۰۹ S/C at ۶th month. Only ۱۹ (۲۸.۴%) had antibody levels more than ۹.۵ S/C at ۶th month. HCW with aged less than ۵۰ years and those who had COVID disease during the study period had a significantly higher level of IgG antibody titres. Conclusion: The study found that after vaccination with Covishield vaccine IgG levels peaked at ۱۴ days following second dose of vaccine, then getting decreased in the third month and further in sixth month confirming the need for a booster dose. COVID antibody levels were significantly higher in COVID infected HCW and in young age participants. 

Keywords:

Antibody response , ChAdOx۱ nCoV-۱۹ vaccine , health care workers , prospective cohort