Earth-to-air Heat Exchanger for Cooling Applications in a Hot and Dry Climate: Numerical and Experimental Study

Shallow geothermal energy, by an earth-to-air heat exchanger (EAHE), is utilized to cool buildings with minimal energy usage. Significant parameters affecting the heat exchanger's performance must be investigated to obtain a suitable design. Shallow geothermal energy, by an earth-to-air heat exchanger (EAHE), is utilized to cool buildings with minimal energy usage. Significant parameters affecting the heat exchanger's performance must be investigated to obtain a suitable design. This article numerically and experimentally investigates the effect of pipe diameter, pipe length, inlet air temperature, soil temperature, airflow velocity, and soil thermal conductivity on the performance of the heat exchanger under hot and dry climate conditions. The soil temperature distribution was measured from the surface to a depth of ۷ m in the city of Karbala (center of Iraq) in the summer season. The experimental test for EAHE was carried out in water-saturated soil and ambient air temperatures of ۴۱ ºC, ۴۵ ºC, and ۴۹.۵ ºC at four different velocities. The percentage drop in the EAHE outlet air temperature at ۹ m/s was ۲۸.۳%, ۲۵.۵%, and ۱۹.۵%, respectively. Also, the three-dimensional model was created, and the simulation results were compared with the experimental results, which were in good agreement. An equation for the outlet air temperature was found as a function of pipe diameter and length, ambient air temperature, soil temperature around the pipe, and soil thermal conductivity. The resulted equation were compared with the current experimental results and experimental results of reported data inliterature. As a result, a very good agreement was observed. The results showed that the parameter L (length of the pipe) causes the strongest nonlinear behavior in the equation. For the cases considered, at diameters ۷۵ and ۱۰۰ mm, an approximate linear behavior for the length required to achieve a specific outlet temperature was observed. It can be concluded from the results that changing the soil type from dry one (k=۰.۵ W/m K) to saturated one (case of Karbala city, k=۱.۵ W/m K) resulted about ۲۵% reduction in the length of the pipe. Also, the results showed that at an air velocity of ۷m/s, the length required to obtain ۲۶ ºC at the outlet of EAHE is ۶۲.۱ m which is ۵۵% higher than the case of ۲۹ ºC (۳۹.۹m).

Keywords:

Earth-to-air Heat Exchanger , Thermal Performance , Geothermal Energy , CFD modelling