Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Patients Referred to Sina Hospital in Hamadan in ۲۰۱۸

Background and aims: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has several types, some of which damage myelin and some others cause axonal damage. Detecting the type of GBS is important in determining the type of treatment and its prognosis. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of GBS and its variants in patients referred to Sina hospital in Hamadan, Iran, in ۲۰۱۸. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ۵۱ patients who were admitted to Sina hospital and diagnosed with GBS in ۲۰۱۸ were examined. Demographic data, GBS type, disease outcomes, and pre-clinical and clinical findings of patients were collected. Data were then analyzed using the Stata software version ۱۲, and P value < ۰.۰۵ was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the ۵۱ investigated patients, ۳۴ (۶۶.۶۶%) were male. The most common variant type was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) with ۲۷.۴۵% of cases followed by acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) with ۱۹.۶۱% of cases. Further, the highest average hospitalization days (۱۱.۱ ± ۱۱.۷ days) were for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) patients, while the lowest (۶.۸۵ ± ۱.۹۱ days) was for AIDP patients (P < ۰.۰۰۱). All CIDP cases occurred in spring, and ۷۱.۴۳% of AIDP cases occurred in summer. Moreover, all ۷ cases with acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) syndrome and the only case with the miller-fisher syndrome (MFS) occurred in fall (P < ۰.۰۰۱).  Conclusion: According to the results of this study, most variants of GBS in Hamadan province were AIDP in demyelinating form and AMAN variant in the axonal deterioration form. However, studies with a larger sample size are recommended in the west of Iran to better understand the epidemiology and to ensure common types of GBS.

Keywords:

Guillain-Barré syndrome , Epidemiology , Sub-type , Iran