The effects of covid ۱۹ disease on the heart system

Background and Objective: Since the emergence of novel acute respiratory syndrome coronavirusfrom China, this infection (Covid-۱۹) has affected many countries and caused many deathsworldwide.The mortality rate of Covid-۱۹ is approximately ۳.۴%. it is estimated. Known sites ofprimary infection include the lungs and respiratory system. Recently, it has been reported that thecardiovascular system and coagulation mechanisms are the second major biological system targetsaffected by viral replication.Search Method: In this article, we review the results of articles related tothe impact of the Covid-۱۹ disease on the heart system, which were conducted between ۲۰۱۹ and۲۰۲۲.Findings: Cardiovascular manifestations caused by SARS-CoV-۲ infection, which occur inapproximately ۸-۱۲% of patients with Covid-۱۹, have raised considerable concern. Acute heartdamage, which is defined by a significant increase in the level of cardiac troponins in a blood test, hasbeen reported as the most common cardiac abnormality in Covid-۱۹. Compared to survivors withcorona, non-survivors had higher levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase-MBisozyme, and myoglobin.This disease also plays a role in causing cardiovascular complications,including arrhythmia caused by a high inflammatory wave. However, the common types ofarrhythmias among severe covid-۱۹ are not well characterized. Sinus tachycardia is the most commontype of arrhythmia that is often observed. Atrial fibrillation, atrial block and ventricular tachycardiaare often seen in critically ill patients. Despite the frequent use of anti-arrhythmic interventions,mortality in these patients is high.Available evidence suggests that right ventricular dilatation anddysfunction may be the most prominent echocardiographic abnormality in symptomatic patients withCOVID-۱۹, particularly in those with more severe or worsening disease. Also, right ventriculardysfunction should be considered as a poor prognostic factor in this disease.In children, multisysteminflammatory syndrome (MIS-c) is one of the ominous manifestations of covid-۱۹ with cardiacinvolvement and a mortality rate of less than ۲%. From the cardiovascular point of view, anotherrange of manifestations including myocarditis, pericarditis, stress cardiomyopathies, heart failure andcoagulation abnormalities have been reported in this disease.The most common mechanismsresponsible for cardiac muscle damage appear to be the direct engagement of cardiac muscle cells(cardiomyocytes) with SARS-CoV-۲ and immune-mediated inflammation such as cytokine storm. Inthe cardiovascular system like the pulmonary system, the SARS-CoV-۲ receptor called ACE۲ isexpressed, so the expression of this receptor and its related signaling pathways are considered as oneof the possible mechanisms of heart muscle damage in infection with this virus. Respiratorydysfunction and hypoxemia caused by Covid-۱۹ can also cause damage to the heart muscle. In peoplewith underlying cardiovascular disease or those who suffer acute heart damage following SARS-CoV-۲ infection, the severity of symptoms often increases and these people have a poor prognosis.Conclusion: Covid-۱۹ causes a wide range of heart complications, especially in patients who have ahistory of underlying heart disease. Therefore, these patients should be monitored for heartcomplications during the period of corona infection and for some time after recovery, so thatappropriate treatment measures can be taken if complications occur.

Keywords:

Covid ۱۹ disease , Heart system , SARS-CoV-۲