Vascular injuries in covid ۱۹

Background and Objective: Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ۲ (SARS-CoV-۲) was firstidentified in December ۲۰۱۹ as a novel respiratory pathogen and is the causative agent of coronavirusdisease ۲۰۱۹ (COVID-۱۹). Early in the pandemic, it became clear that SARS-CoV-۲ infection wasnot limited to infecting the respiratory tract, but that the virus was also found in other tissues,including blood vessels. People who already have underlying co-morbidities such as diabetes and highblood pressure are more susceptible to severe illness and fatal outcomes during COVID-۱۹.Search Method: In this article, we review the results of articles related to vascular injuries in Covid-۱۹. Using relevant articles available in reliable scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, which were conducted between ۲۰۱۹ and ۲۰۲۲. Findings: In patients withCovid-۱۹, numerous cardiovascular manifestations have been reported. SARS-CoV-۲ infection canlead to inflammatory cardiovascular disease first through the acquisition of angiotensin-convertingenzyme-۲ as a cell receptor and also macrophage activation syndrome in severe disease. In the studiesconducted, the ratio of blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases in patients with COVID-۱۹ washigher than in the general population. The incidence of high blood pressure and cardiovasculardiseases was about twice and three times, respectively, in critically ill patients hospitalized in ICUcompared to their non-ICU counterparts. Venous and arterial thrombosis are commonly associatedwith Covid-۱۹, but in situ diagnosis of intracardiac thrombosis and large vessel involvement has beenreported infrequently. Intracardiac thrombosis and embolization have a very high risk ofcomplications in covid-۱۹. Although large vessel thrombosis (LVT) is rare in this disease, however,Covid-۱۹ is a hidden risk factor for large vessel thrombosis that may be life-threatening and lead toamputation. Despite anticoagulation therapy, all patients with covid-۱۹ are still at risk for LVT, andsurgical consultation should be considered if minimal symptoms occur. Mild covid-۱۹, withoutsignificant lung parenchymal involvement, can also cause LVT. Create an overcoagulable state thatleads to venous thromboembolism (VTE). The virus can also lead to exacerbation of aproinflammatory state (activation of cytokine storm), which in turn may lead to pulmonary vascularendotheliitis, microangiopathy, disseminated thrombosis, myocarditis, heart failure, cardiacarrhythmias, and acute syndromes. become coronary All these events are especially seen in elderlypatients and require targeted cardiovascular treatments and specific management against COVID-۱۹.Heart patients who have recovered from Corona are always under the threat of blood and vascularclots, which if they are in the person's body, will lead to the blackening of that part of the body, or inthe lungs in the form of a pulmonary embolism, in the heart vessels as a heart attack, and in thecerebral vessels. It occurs as a delayed stroke. Conclusion: The results of this article show that theconsequences of covid-۱۹ disease are not limited to the lungs, but can go beyond and affect organsother than the lungs, especially the cardiovascular system, and increase the death rate caused by thisdisease. Therefore, it is recommended The patient should be monitored for cardiovascularcomplications during hospitalization and after discharge from the hospital.

Keywords:

Vascular injuries , covid ۱۹ , SARS-CoV-۲