Grammatical category of number of nouns in Russian language and how to express it in Persian language (مقوله دستوری شمار اسامی در زبان روسی و نحوه بیان آن در زبان فارسی)

This paper considers a comparative and comparative analysis of the grammatical category of the number of nouns in the Russian and Persian languages from the point of view of the expressed meaning of the number, and explores the similarities and differences in the number forms in both languages. Words that have only one number form, or only the singular form (singularia tantum) or only the plural form (pluralia tantum) are considered. as a result of this study, the following was revealed: ۱) all nouns in the Persian language, when forming the plural, take the plural suffixes “- ها” “ha” or “- ان” “an”; ۲) the real value of the number does not always coincide with the formal value of the number; ۳) under the influence of the context, the real singular and plural of the word forms change, so the meaning of the category of the number of nouns depends on the context; ۴) in both languages, in expressing the meaning of the number or number of nouns, it is necessary to pay special attention to the division and non- division of nouns; ۵) in the studied languages, to express the number of undivided nouns, quantitative means are used as numerals and special words that indicate quantities like a kilogram, a piece, a drop, a cup, a glass, etc.; ۶) in addition to morphological elements, the expression of the meaning of a number is influenced by both lexical and syntactic elements of the category of number; ۷) in Russian and in Persian, the plural does not always indicate plurality.

Keywords:

number category , singular , plural , Russian , Persian