Examining the prevalence of blood pressure disorders and their related factors in pregnant women referred to the maternity department of Asali Hospital in Khorramabad in the second half of ۲۰۲۱.

Introduction: Despite the fact that blood pressure caused by pregnancy is one of the main causes of complications and deaths of mothers during pregnancy, little information is available about the current magnitude of blood pressure in pregnancy, the prevalence of its various types, and its related factors among women admitted for childbirth in Iran, especially in the studied areas in Khorramabad. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate blood pressure caused by pregnancy and its related factors in women admitted for childbirth to Asali Charity Hospital in Khorramabad, Iran.Materials and methods: This study was conducted in Asali Charity Hospital in Khorramabad, Iran. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, eligible patients were selected from the patients admitted to the maternity ward for maternity services in the hospital with a gestational age of more than ۲۰ years. The data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire adapted from the valid questionnaire attached to the proposal. The questionnaire included sections for demographic assessment and related factors. The questions and statements were grouped and adjusted according to their specific goals. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews, measurements, and examination of the mother's medical records using a pre-structured questionnaire by trained collectors. The data were collected around the clock so that the files would not be lost. Blood pressure reading was done while the woman was standing and lying on her back, using a mercury sponge manometer. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS ۲۲. In order to determine the descriptive objectives of the study, frequency, mean, standard deviation, and agreement tables were used according to the type of the variable.Results: In this study, ۲۰۰ pregnant women with blood pressure were studied. The average age of the patients in the mild pre-eclampsia group was ۳۷.۸۵ ± ۴.۹۹ with a minimum age of ۲۷ years and a maximum of ۴۸ years, in the eclampsia group ۳۶.۱۷ ± ۴.۳۰ with a minimum age of ۲۸ years and a maximum of ۴۳ years, and in the severe pre-eclampsia group ۳۶.۵۷ ± ۵.۳۰ with a minimum age of ۱۹ years and a maximum of ۴۵ years. Of the ۲۰۰ pregnant women studied, ۱۳۸ (۶۹%) had mild preeclampsia, ۲۹ (۱۴.۵%) had eclampsia, and ۳۳ (۱۶.۵%) had severe preeclampsia. In this study, based on the history of heart disease, history of kidney disease, history of rheumatic disease, family history of blood pressure, history of gestational hypertension, history of gestational diabetes, education, occupation, gestational age, gravity, parity, age, body mass index (BMI), and abnormality, there was no statistically significant relationship between the pregnant women with different types of blood pressure (p>۰.۰۵). In other words, it can be said that there was no relationship between the history of heart diseases and types of blood pressure during pregnancy.However, based on proteinuria, there was a statistically significant relationship between the pregnant women with blood pressure types (p<۰.۰۵). The pregnant women with severe preeclampsia had more proteinuria compared to the other two groups. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the average variables between the pregnant women with blood pressure. According to the F-test and the significance level of p<۰.۰۵, a significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of the mean diastolic blood pressure. The Scheffe’s post-hoc test was used to determine the difference between the mentioned means in the groups. The average diastolic blood pressure showed a statistically significant difference between the group with eclamptic blood pressure and the other two groups with pre-eclamptic blood pressure, and the average was higher in the group with eclamptic blood pressure compared to the other two groups with pre-eclampsia blood pressure. However, in terms of the average heart rate and systolic blood pressure, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>۰.۰۵).Conclusion: The present study identified several modifiable risk factors for high blood pressure during pregnancy, including heart disease, history of kidney disease, history of rheumatic disease, family history of hypertension, history of pregnancy hypertension, history of gestational diabetes, education, occupation, gestational age, gravity, parity, age, body mass index (BMI), and abnormality. In the present study, it is very important to determine the profile of risk factors in pregnant women to identify those who may suffer from high blood pressure disorders during pregnancy. Many of these factors can be taken into consideration early in pregnancy, which helps prevent unpleasant obstetric and fetal outcomes and also reduces the risk of future cardiovascular complications in women.

Keywords:

prevalence , types of blood pressure abnormalities , pregnant women