Probiotics and Prebiotics in medicine and dentistry

Probiotics are live micro-organisms that if are consumed in sufficient numbers, will been beneficial effects on the health of their host. Probiotics have inhibitori effects on the pathogenic bacteria and the expression of their virulence gene. Studies have shown that probiotic bacteria reduce chronic inflammation of the bowel disease, prevention and treatment of diarrhea disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, urinary tract infection and infections are caused by Helicobacter pylori. Lactic acid bacteria can settle site of adhesin of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and prevent them. Also produce antimicrobial factors such as bacteriocins, organic acids and biosurfactant. Today, researchers use probiotics to prevent and remove biofilms for example L.plantarum has inhibitori effect on the production molecular signals, homoserine lactone and elastase production in P. aeruginosa. Different strains of Lactobacillus inhibited swarming and urease activity of Proteus. Also have been proven inhibitori effect of bacteriocin of L. plantarum on biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of S. marcescens. It has been found effect of biosurfactant of L. acidophilus on S. mutans biofilm formation. Prebiotics are indigestible nutrition that caused increase the number and activity of limeted bacteria in the colon. A prebiotic must improve growth of Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria and can be increase antimicrobial activity of probiotics. At the result can say that probiotic bacteria use for treatment pathogenic bacteria with antibiotics or their prebiotics and they inhibitori expression of virulence genes by defferent mechanism and metabolite.

Keywords:

probiotic , prebiotic , pathogenic bacteria , bacteriocin , biosurfactant , biofilms , پروبیوتیک , پری بیوتیک , باکتری های بیماریزا , باکتریوسین , بیوسورفکتانت , بیوفیلم