Effect of Alcohol on Heart: Case Presentation of Two Alcoholic Patients with Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy

Background: Alcohol consumption has multiple side effects on heart which can be divided to six subgroups: Heavy alcohol drinkers (۸۰ g/day alcohol consumption) are most susceptible to cardiac complications. The aim of this study was to review alcohol side effects on heart and two present two alcoholic patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Case report: Case A: A ۵۲ year-old man presented with fatigue, dyspnea, FC III from many years ago. He had previous history of increased TG and cigarette smoking. He had normal BP and FBS, TFT. Chest X ray revealed global cardiomegaly and wide carina angle. ECG showed LAE and sinus tachycardia. Coronary angiogram demonstrated normal coronary arteries. Echocardiography showed LVEF=۳۰%, LAE, LVE, RVE and trace pericardial effusion. This patient was treated as a case of DCM for many years but he did not show any improvement. In following history taking, the patient told that he drinks alcohol for many years so we advised him to discontinue alcohol consumption. After several months, patient’s clinical status improved and EF increased to ۵۰%. Case B: A ۳۹ years man presented with palpitation who was treated with beta blocker but he did not respond to the treatment. ECG revealed atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response (HR= ۱۴۰/min). On echocardiography, valves function were normal and LVEF=۵۸%, TFT was normal and patient denied smoking. This patient also had history of alcohol consumption, and after discontinuation of alcohol his symptoms resolved completely. Discussion: In western countries the most common etiology of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies is alcohol consumption. But in Islamic countries it is very rare. However this diagnosis must be considered in all cardiomyopathy syndromes. The most common arrhythmia which could be seen with alcohol consumption is atrial fibrillation but other arrhythmias such as PVC, PAC, sinus tachycardia, atrial flutter, ventricular fibrillation can also be associated with heavy alcohol consumption. This kind of arrhythmia which is more common on holidays in western countries has been nominated as holiday heart syndrome.

Keywords:

Alcoholism , Atrial fibrillation , Cardiomyopathies