Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Background: About ۴۰ thousand newborns are delivered annually with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). It induces serious CNS complications. Methods: In a review of, the word “fetal alcohol syndrome” was searched in PubMed and Google Scholar and the retrieved articles were summarized. Results: Many studies showed that alcohol can cause more defects in fetus than heroin, cocaine and marijuana. The possible defects caused by alcohol include physical, mental and behavioral retardation, learning deficits, growth restriction, and some social problems. FAS is more common than Down syndrome (۱%). In Germany, ۲۲۰۰ newborns are delivered with FAS annually. According to the ۲۰۰۷ US National Survey on Drug Use and Health, pregnant women aged ۱۵ to ۴۴ reported alcohol use at a rate of ۱۱.۶%, with ۳.۷% reported binge drinking and ۰.۷% reported heavy drinking in the month before the survey. However, these rates were considerably higher in non-pregnant women with same age (۵۳%, ۲۴.۱%, and ۵.۵% respectively). Alcohol use during pregnancy is a significant clinical concern. In South Africa, it is counted as ۷۰-۸۰ in ۱۰۰۰ live births. Alcoholic fathers may also induce some defects in their children. Conclusion: FAS is nonhereditary cause of mental retardation and neurologic deficit in the Western world. The prevalence is high. It is preventive completely but has no treatment. In Iran we have no exact prevalence of FAS due to cultural problems. The day September ۹th has been named for the FAS as the sign of ۹ months of intrauterine life. Many countries such as Germany, USA, England, New Zealand, Scotland, Switzerland, Canada, Australia and Austria have paid lot of attention to prevention of FAS.

Keywords:

Alcohol-Induced Disorders , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders , Intellectual Disability