Investigation of CBC Findings and Clinical Symptoms in Children with Acute Leukemia Referred To Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd from ۲۰۱۶ To ۲۰۲۳

Background: Acute leukemia (AL) constitute a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies that are associated with clonal and uncontrolled proliferation of undifferentiated hematopoietic progenitors. In children, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rare and occurs before age ۲ or after age ۱۵. Conversely, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children, accounting for about a quarter of cancers in people under the age of ۱۵. Considering clinical symptoms and CBC (complete blood count) tests as the first diagnostic measures Method: In this cross-sectional study all the medical reports related to children with acute leukemia in pathology department of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd was assessed. Demographic variables including age, gender, and type of acute leukemia, as well as CBC finding Hb, RBC, WBC, platelets, MCV , MCH, and clinical symptoms (bone pain, petechiae, purpura, bleeding, fever, weight loss, and anorexia) were extracted and analyzed statistically. Results: Among ۲۳۲ samples, (AML: ۹.۰۵%, ALL: ۸۶.۲%, undiagnosed: ۴.۷۵%) gender distribution was nearly equal (male: ۵۳%, female: ۴۷% p = ۰.۵). Fever (۵۰.۴%) was the most frequent clinical symptom. Bone pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, petechiae, purpura and bleeding were placed in the next categories in terms of frequency. Clinical symptoms in ALL and AML patients were insignificant (p > ۰.۰۵). Hematologic abnormalities, in order of prevalence were anemia (۸۷.۶%), thrombocytopenia (۷۶.۲۹%), bicytopenia (۶۶.۸۱%), leukocytosis (۵۴.۷%), leukopenia (۱۹%), and pancytopenia (۹.۹۱%). CBC analysis in ALL and AML patients showed unmeaningful results (p > ۰.۰۵). Conclusion: Based on our findings, we conclude that the incidence of acute leukemia is higher between the ages of one and ten years. ALL is more prevalent in youngsters than AML, and fever, bone pain, petechiae, and purpura are among the most common clinical symptoms of acute leukemia, which can aid in the early detection of the disease. In terms of CBC results, the presence of anemia, leukocytosis, RBC decrease, and thrombocytopenia can also aid in the early detection of leukemia.

Keywords:

Acute leukemia , Clinical findings , CBC , Children