Determination of Allelic Compositions of Glu-۱ and Glu-۳ Loci in Bread Wheat Genotypes

Breeding high-quality wheat cultivars is one of the main targets of breeding programs. Identification of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits (HMW-GS) and Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits (LMW-GS) alleles that confer high quality may be one of the easy ways to determine promising wheat lines in early generations. HMW-GS and LMW-GS alleles of ۶۴ bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes from a Turkish breeding program including advanced lines and cultivars were identified using Sodium-Dodecyl-Sulfate PolyAcrylamide Gel (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis method. In total, ۲۶ alleles were identified including three alleles at the Glu-A۱ locus, ۶ alleles at the Glu-B۱ locus, ۲ alleles at the Glu-D locus, ۶ alleles at the Glu-A۳ locus, ۷ at the Glu-B۳ locus, and ۲ alleles at the Glu-D۳ locus. The most prevalent alleles among the ۶۴ genotypes in the study were ۲* (۶۷.۲%), ۷+۹ (۴۲.۲%), ۵+۱۰ (۶۸.۸%), A۳c (۲۸.۱%), B۳b (۳۵.۹%), and D۳c (۹۲.۲%). The previously announced good flour quality conferring alleles ۱, ۱۷+۱۸, ۵+۱۰ at Glu-۱ loci and A۳b, A۳c, B۳b, B۳c, B۳d, B۳g at Glu-۳ loci were also identified in the present study, indicating that these alleles can be used as markers for selection of higher-quality genotypes in wheat breeding programs. Introduction of the allele structure of the studied genotypes may enlighten the way for the wheat breeders in the crossing decisions.

Keywords:

Flour quality , Glutenin subunits , Plant breeding , SDS-PAGE.