Association of Cyclin D۱ Expression and Histopathological Grading of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Breast Cancer: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study in Surabaya

Breast cancer is ranked as the fifth major contributor to global cancer-related fatalities. Cyclin D۱ is frequently overexpressed in cases of invasive ductal breast cancer and plays a specific role during the advanced stages of tumor evolution. However, the utilization of cyclin D۱ overexpression as a predictive tool remains a subject of debate. This study aims to determine the relationship between cyclin D۱ expression and the histopathological grading of invasive ductal carcinoma in breast cancer. The results can serve as scientific evidence that cyclin D۱ can aid in predicting the prognosis of patients, making it a valuable tool in health facilities. In this cross-sectional study, employing flow cytometric techniques, cyclin D۱ expression was assessed in ۳۰ patients categorized as having grade ۱, grade ۲, or grade ۳ invasive ductal breast cancer based on histopathological diagnoses. The analysis indicated a negligible difference in cyclin D۱ expression levels between patients with invasive ductal breast cancer grades ۱ and ۲ (P = ۰.۲۸۳). In contrast, a statistically significant disparity in cyclin D۱ expression was observed between patients diagnosed with grades ۱ and ۳ of invasive ductal breast cancer (P = ۰.۰۲۶), as well as between grades ۲ and ۳ (P = ۰.۰۲۶). Our findings underscore a moderate yet significant correlation between cyclin D۱ expression and breast cancer grading (R: ۰.۵۰۸; P < ۰.۰۵). A moderate correlation between cyclin D۱ expression and the histopathological grade of breast cancer was substantiated. These observations lend credence to the utilization of cyclin D۱ as a marker indicative of an unfavorable prognosis.

Keywords:

breast cancer , Cyclin D۱ , Flow Cytometry , histopathological grading , mortality