The effect of eight weeks of HIIT swimming training on nuclear factor-kβ (NF-kβ) and TNF-α in male rats with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NΑSH) is the next stage of NΑFLD, which appears with liver inflammation (۲, ۳). Nuclear factor-kβ (NF-kβ) is a unique nuclear transcription factor and plays a role in various inflammatory diseases. NF-kβ plays an essential role in the progression of fatty liver disease from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (۴). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine that is known as the main regulator of inflammatory responses and plays a role in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (۹). Some researches have shown that sports activity can increase anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-۱۰ and also decrease the inflammatory effects of TNF-α in chronic diseases such as obesity, simple steatosis and type ۲ diabetes. (۸, ۱۲). In this regard, Martins et al. (۲۰۱۱), concluded that daily moderate-intensity swimming exercises are associated with a decrease in inflammation and an increase in antioxidant activity (۲۲). Despite little research in this field (۲۴); The researchers of the current research investigated the specific roles of sports activity in the aquatic environment in the metabolic networks and the main signaling pathways under discussion. Therefore, the researchers of the present study looked for the effect of eight weeks of HIIT swimming exercises on nuclear factor-kβ (NF-kβ) and TNF-α in male rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NΑSH).