Autecology, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Thymus carmanicus Jalas. from Golestan Province in North of Iran

This research had been carried out to ecological characters, phytochemical, anti bacterial and antioxidant activity of Thymus carmanicus Jalas. in Golestan  province .In several field observation, the aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected from Deraznoo Mountain inSeptember ۲۰۱۳ (۲۷۰۰ m). Essential oil was obtained by hydro distillation and  analyzed by GC/MS. Phytochemical assay included: TP (total phenol) and TF (Total flavonoid) were determined by spectrophotometrically, antioxidant capacity were obtained by TAC, RP and DPPH methods and the antibacterial by using agar well method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Results showed that T. carmanicus is the most aromatic mountainous herb, which wild growing in cold dry climate (۱۸۰۰-۲۷۵۰ m) in Golestan province, with annual raining ۳۰.۵ mm, annual temperature ۱۷.۵ °C , in  sandy clay loam soil with pH= ۷.۵  and Ec=۲.۱  dc   and have long been used in traditional medicines of this region as a strong tonic, anti inflammation, carminative, anti virus, anti infection, anti fungus, anti ulcer and sedative . The carvacrol (۴۱.۴%), thymol (۲۷.۲%) and β-caryophylene were the major constituents of T. carmanicus oil , with total phenols (TP= ۸۱.۷±۰.۳ GAE/  g), total flavonoids (TF= ۳۴.۲±۰.۸ QUE/g), which had good antioxidant activity (IC۵۰ = ۲۱.۸±۰.۱ µg/ml ), especially in DPPH method .The maximum activity of the essential oil was observed against Candida albicans ( ۳۵.۸±۰.۶ mm), S.epidermidis ( ۳۳.۱± ۰.۴ mm), B. subtilus ( ۲۹.۵± ۰.۲ mm), S.aureus ( ۲۸.۳±۰.۲ mm),  E.coli (۲۳.۱±۰.۴ mm), Enterococcus faecalis ( ۱۷.۲±۰.۸ mm) and Kelebsiella pneumoniae ( ۱۶.۵±۰.۲mm) with MIC value in the range of  ۱۰ - ۱۳۲  mg/mL. According to these results, the aerial parts of plant have rich source of terpenoides , flavonoid and phenolic componds and showed  good antioxidant and antibacterial activity, which will be confirmed the traditional uses of T. carmanicus Jalas.  in these regions as an  good anti-inflammatory, sedative and anti infection.

Keywords:

Antioxidant , Autecology , essential oil , Ethnopharmacology , Golestan Province , TF and TP content , Golestan , Thymus carmanicus Jalas