Osteoprotegerin, Parathyroid Hormone and Vitamin D as Effective Factors on Serum-Urine Calcium Levels in Breast Cancer Patients

Breast cancer represents one of the most popular kinds of cancer worldwide. During the early stages of the disease, the level of Osteoprotegerin remained within normal limits, showing that the bone was not being damaged to get calcium due to an increase in parathyroid hormone. The current study aimed to assess a number of biochemical variables in a group of women with malignant breast cancer who had reached menopause (less than ۴۵ years old). One hundred thirty women were randomly divided into three groups as follows. The first group (G۱) is made up of women who have never had breast cancer or any other disease, and their number (۴۰) corresponds to the same age range (below menopause) as the control group. The second group (G۲) comprises women diagnosed with breast cancer at an early stage whose numbers were relatively low (۴۵). The third group (G۳) included women of the same age who received one or two doses of chemotherapy and whose total number was (۴۵) over the same period. The variables studied include Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Osteoprotegerin, blood calcium, and urine calcium, all of that are thought to play a role in the progress of the disease. Vitamin D levels were extremely low in the second group (G۲), while they were slightly higher in the third group (G۳) but remained extremely low. The first group (G۱) maintained parameters within acceptable limits. There was a significant difference between the two breast cancer groups (۹.۳۸ ۱.۴۳) and (۴.۹۸ ۱.۶۷) when compared to the control group (۲۰.۰۴ ۲.۸۰). (G۱). The two breast cancer groups (G۲) and (G۳) had higher parathyroid hormone levels than the control group (G۱), and there was a significant difference between the two breast cancer groups (۱۳۶.۵۲ ۵۸.۵۶) (G۳) and (G۲) (۱۶۷.۷۹ ۳۵.۲۱) compared to the control group (۶۸.۵۲ ۲۰.۴۴) (G۱). There was no significant difference in Osteoprotegerin levels between the two breast cancer groups (۳۱۳.۳۸ ۱۰۹.۰۲) (G۳) and (۳۱۵.۰ ۱۲۳.۹۸) (G۲) compared to the control group (G۱) (۳۲۴.۱۱ ۱۰۴.۷۳). The three groups' blood calcium levels were all within normal ranges, and there was no statistically significant difference between them (۹.۲۱ ۰.۴۵), (۹.۲۳ ۰.۳۸), and (۹.۲۳ ۰.۳۸) (G۳) (۹.۲۸ ۰.۴۳). (G۱), but urine-calcium levels were lower in both groups of breast cancer patients compared to the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two breast cancer groups (۶۳.۹۶ ۱۵.۶۶) (G۳) and (۶۸.۴۲ ۱۴.۰۵) (G۲) compared to the control group (۲۱۳.۷۷ ۶۳.۹۴) (G۱). In breast cancer patients, vitamin D deficiency and high parathyroid hormone levels were discovered, suggesting that vitamin D may play a role in cancer prevention. Osteoprotegerin levels were within normal ranges early in the illness, although this may alter as the patient matures and the disease advances.

Keywords:

Breast cancer , Vitamin D , Osteoprotegerin , Parathyroid hormone