Effects of Avena sativa and Glycyrrhiza glabra Leaves Extracts on Immune Responses in Serum Cytokine and Liver Enzyme Levels in NIH Mice

In addition to their high quantities of active chemicals, medicinal plants are well-known for their pharmacological qualities, which include immunological modulation. T Consequently, this study aimed to examine the effects of Avena sativa and Glycyrrhiza glabra leaf extracts on immunological responses as measured by blood cytokine and liver enzyme levels. The phytochemical analysis of Avena sativa crude leaf extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, and saponins but the absence of resins and violet oils. On the other hand, violet oils, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides were detected in significant concentration in Glycyrrhiza glabra ethanolic extract, although resins and phenolic compounds were not present. Fifty male NIH mice were randomly divided into five groups: Except for the control group, all animals were given subcutaneously and orally with extracts (۵۰ mg/kg) for ۱۴ days prior to LPS-induced (۱ mg/kg body weight) liver injury. LPS-induced liver damage was induced on day ۱۵, and mice were starved.Group ۱ was injected subcutaneously with normal saline as a control. Group ۲ received an injection of ۱۰۰ l of crude oat extract subcutaneously. Group ۳ was administered ۱۰۰ l (۵۰ mg/kg) of crude Oat extract orally. Group ۴: administered ۱۰۰ l (۵۰ mg/kg) of crude Licorice extract subcutaneously. Group ۵ ingested ۱۰۰ l (۵۰ mg/kg) of crude Licorice extract orally. IL-۴ levels were significantly elevated (P ۰.۰۵) in the subcutaneously and orally treated groups compared to the control group (۱۲.۳ ۰.۲۳ pg/ml). IL-۶ was significantly elevated (P<۰.۰۵) in mice given subcutaneously or orally with Avena sativa or Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts compared to mice treated subcutaneously or orally with a control substance (۴۴ ۰.۵۷ pg/ml). The concentration of TNF- was significantly elevated (P<۰.۰۵) in subcutaneous and oral treated groups (۲۸۳.۶ ۱.۷ and ۲۸۰.۶ ۱۲.۲; ۲۳۳.۹ ۰.۶ and ۲۴۱.۲ ۲.۸) compared with the control group (۱۳۰ ۰.۴۲) pg/ml. When mice were exposed to LPS-containing extracts, both GOT, and GPT levels fell relative to the control group.

Keywords:

Avena sativa , Glycyrrhiza glabra , Liver features (GOT and GPT) , Interleukins , Mice