Prognostic Value of Intracellular Transcription of Factors HIF-۱α and p۵۳ and Their Relation to Estradiol and TNM Parameters of Breast Cancer Tissues in Women with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women’s health, with an increasing incidence worldwide. This study aimed to measure the intracellular concentration of the hypoxia-inducible factor ۱ α (HIF-۱α), tumor suppression protein p۵۳, and estradiol (E۲) in tumor tissues of adult females with breast cancer and their relation to tumor grade, tumor size, and lymph node metastases (LNM). The study was conducted on ۶۵ adult female participants with breast mass admitted to the operating theater in Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital and Al-Habboby Teaching Hospital in Nasiriyah, Iraq, from January to November ۲۰۲۱. Fresh breast tumor tissues were collated and homogenized for intracellular biochemical analysis using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. In total, ۴۴ (۵۸%) out of ۶۵ patients, in the age range of ۱۸-۴۲ years and the mean±SD age of ۳۲.۵۵±۶.۴۰ years, had fibroadenomas, and other ۲۱ (۴۲%) cases, in the age range of ۳۲-۸۰ years and the mean±SD age of ۵۶±۱۴.۴ years had invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) breast cancer. Intracellular levels of HIF-۱α, p۵۳, and E۲ were elevated significantly (P<۰.۰۰۱) in IDC cases compared to the benign group. The most malignant tumors of IDC cases were in grade III and sizes T۲ and T۳. The tissue concentrations of HIF-۱α, P۵۳, and E۲ were significantly elevated in patients with tumor stage T۳ compared to T۲ and T۱. A significant elevation was found in the levels of HIF-۱α, p۵۳, and E۲ in the positive LNM subgroup compared to the negative LNM group. Based on the obtained results, the prognostic value of the intracellular HIF-۱α is considered to be a useful prognostic factor in Iraqi women with ICD and the combination of a HIF-۱α protein with the nonfunctional p۵۳ and E۲ tends to indicate the proliferation, invasiveness, and metastases of the breast tumors.

Keywords:

Intracellular estradiol , Intracellular hypoxia-inducible factor-۱ , Intracellular tumor suppression protein p۵۳ , Invasive ductal carcinoma , Tumor metastasis