Low Serum ۲۵‑hydroxyvitamin D levels: Predictive Value of Hematological and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

Background: Low vitamin D has been linked to enhance inflammatory markers in various pathological conditions. We aimed to evaluate the urinary tract infection (UTI)-associated hematological and inflammatory markers mediated by low serum levels of ۲۵-hydroxyvitamin D [۲۵(OH)D]. Methods: Vitamin D level, hematological indices (Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio [MLR], Neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio [NMR], Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio [PLR], and Mean platelet volume [MPV]), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin-۶, and tumor necrosis factor-a were evaluated in ۱۱۵ UTI patients and ۵۷ controls. Results: The findings showed an inverse association between elevated hematological (NLR, MLR, and MPV) and serum markers of inflammation (CRP, IL-۶, and TNF-a) with serum ۲۵(OH)D levels in UTI patients. Among the several markers evaluated, the MLR had the ability to suggest the associated inflammation with low serum levels of ۲۵(OH)D.   Conclusion: The involvement of vitamin D deficiency might be characterized by an increase in the inflammatory markers in the patients which have an ability to establish the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and UTI; however, further investigations are needed to validate this finding.

Keywords:

۲۵(OH)D , Cytokines , Inflammation , Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio , Urinary Tract Infection