Well-to-wheel Energy Consumption and CO۲ Emission Comparison of Electric and Fossil Fuel Buses: Tehran Case Study

The development of public transportation is considered a vital issue in reducing traffic as well as urban pollution. City buses play an important role in the city transportation system. In Iran, due to the high average age of city buses, it is necessary to replace the old buses with new ones, To replace the old buses, diesel and CNG, hybrid, and electric buses are proposed as the main alternatives. Global warming and the energy crisis are now considered as two potential serious threats for the world. Therefore, energy consumption and CO۲ emissions are examined as two outstanding criteria for comparing candidate buses in this paper. To make an accurate comparison, the amount of energy consumption and CO۲ emissions have been calculated based on the well-to-wheel approach. The electric bus well-to-wheel analysis has been done for both electricity generation mix and renewable generation. To perform more accurate calculations and simulations, as a case study, a real driving cycle has been constructed for Tehran. For this approach, a modified micro trip method as a novel solution is presented to synthesize the driving cycle. The results show that due to the high share of fossil power plants (about ۹۲%) in Iran, the use of electric buses in the bus fleet may not have much effect on reducing energy and CO۲ eq emissions. By using renewable power plants, the amount of well-to-wheel energy consumption and CO۲ emissions decrease significantly (about ۵۶% and ۹۳%, respectively) compared to that for the generation mix.

Keywords:

Electric Bus , energy consumption , CO۲ emission , Well-To-Wheel , Driving Cycle