Comparing the causal model of psychological well-being based on attachment styles, family emotional atmosphere and friends' support with the mediating role of life expectancy of adolescents with and without hearing impairment.

The aim of this study was to compare the causal model of psychological well-being based on attachment styles, family emotional atmosphere and friends' support with the mediating role of life expectancy of adolescents with and without hearing impairment. This research is a descriptive research, structural equation modeling, the sampling method in this research is a multi-stage cluster method, and ۲۱۰ students with hearing impairment were selected as the research sample. The data collection tools in this research include Riff's well-being psychological questionnaire (۱۹۸۹), Hazen and Shaver's attachment style questionnaire (۱۹۸۷), Hillburn's emotional climate questionnaire (۱۹۶۴), Tos Ziman's friend support questionnaire and others (۱۹۸۸), and hope questionnaire. According to Schneider's life, Harris Anderson (۱۹۹۱). The research findings showed that secure, avoidant and ambivalent (anxious) attachment styles have a direct effect on psychological well-being. But indirectly and influenced by the mediating role of life expectancy, they have no effect on students' psychological well-being. Also, the emotional atmosphere of the family has a direct and indirect effect on psychological well-being through the life expectancy variable. Friends' social support also has a direct and indirect effect on psychological well-being through the life expectancy variable. According to the confirmation of the hypotheses, it is suggested to increase the factors influencing the increase of attachment, including the feeling of support and acceptance from parents and others, so that teenagers reach an acceptable level of psychological well-being.

Keywords:

psychological well-being , attachment styles , family emotional atmosphere , social support , life expectancy , teenagers.