Effect of aerobic and resistance training on secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine, decorin, and myonectin muscle genes expression in rats fed with a high-fat diet

Background and aims: Fatty diet can affect the expression of myokines. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic and resistance training secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine (SPARC), decorin (DCN), and myonectin muscle gene expression in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Methods: In this experimental study, ۳۲ rats were randomly divided into healthy control, obese control, obese+aerobic exercise, and obese+resistance exercise groups. The training program was implemented for ۴ weeks at aerobic moderate intensity (۵۰% VO۲max in the first week and ۶۵% VO۲max in the last week). For resistance training, the animals were also trained to climb the ladder (height ۱۱۰ cm, slope ۸۰%, and the distance between the bars of the ladder ۲ cm), which is based on the determination of one-repetition maximum (۱RM). Obese rats received a dose of ۰.۵ mL/۱۰۰ g of body weight orally by gavage for ۴ weeks and ۵ days a week. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of DCN expressions (P=۰.۷۰۲). However, the expression of SPARC (P=۰.۰۳۹) and myonectin in the obese control group was significantly increased compared to the healthy control (P=۰.۰۳۸). The expression of SPARC and myonectin in the aerobic training group (P=۰.۰۳۸, P=۰.۰۴۲) and the resistance training group (P=۰.۰۴۸, P=۰.۰۴۹) was significantly decreased in comparison to obesity control. Resistance training caused a greater decrease in myonectin compared to aerobic training (P=۰.۰۴۹). Conclusion: The findings revealed that aerobic and resistance exercises are effective in reducing SPARC and myonectin expression in the skeletal muscle of rats fed with a high-fat diet.