Increase in TGF-β and CD۴+ CD۲۵+ regulatory T cells in Iranian patients with type ۲ diabetes

Background and Aims Since in patients with type ۲ diabetes (T۲DM), there is an imbalance of inflammatory cells, the presence of inflammatory cytokines and defects in homeostasis are possible. The present study aimed to evaluate the percentage of Treg cells, lymphocytes, T cells, and T helper cells and gene expression of TGF-β cytokine in the T۲DM patients.Methods Fifty patients with T۲DM and ۵۰ healthy controls were included in this study, according to the inclusion criteria. The percentage of Treg cells, T cells, and T helper cells was determined by flow cytometry. Also, the expression of CD۴, CD۲۵, and FOXP۳ markers of Treg cells was examined. The gene expression of TGF-β cytokine was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results The percentage of Treg cells was significantly lower in patients with T۲DM than in healthy controls. The number of T helper cells and lymphocytes decreased in T۲DM patients as compared to the healthy controls. Based on the results, the percentage of T cells was higher in T۲DM patients than in healthy controls. The expression of CD۲۵ and FOXP۳ markers in Treg cells significantly reduced in T۲DM patients compared to the healthy controls; however, this decrease was not significant for the CD۴ marker. Conversely, the expression of TGF-β cytokine increased in patients with T۲DM compared to the healthy controls.Conclusion The expression of TGF-β and the percentage of CD۴ + CD۲۵ + regulatory T cells are impaired in patients with type ۲ diabetes.

Keywords:

regulatory T cells , Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) , type ۲ diabetes mellitus (T۲DM)