The use of multi-layer polymer photovoltaic modules resistant to impact and hail

In several countries, building-integrated photovoltaics (PV) solutions could contribute to the growth of total installed PV capacity. However, in some circumstances, the relatively high weight (۱۰-۱۵ kg/m۲) and lack of aesthetics of PV may constitute a barrier to its diffusion. In this work, we propose a glass-free lightweight solution (≈۶ kg/m۲) compliant with hail and mechanical load tests as prescribed by the IEC ۶۱۲۱۵-۲:۲۰۱۶. The low weight is achieved by substituting the conventional glass cover with a polymer multi-layer resistant to hail impacts and the conventional polymer/glass back sheet by an innovative composite back sheet. A total of two module design contributions to impact resistance are highlighted: a global energy dissipation, mostly related to the back sheet properties; and a local energy dissipation, mainly related to the front sheet properties. These results clearly show that a balance between front sheet design and back sheet stiffness have to be found in order to maximize hail resistance and mechanical rigidity while minimizing the module's weight.

Keywords:

solar cells , complex module , lightweight.