Evaluating Immunomodulatory Effects and Cytokine Changes by Propranolol Following Surgical Stress in Male Rats

Background: Surgery through different mechanisms causes immunosuppression in the postoperative period. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of preoperative administration of propranolol on blood levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and hematological parameters, such as white blood cells (WBCs) and lymphocytes. Methods: Forty-five Wistar male rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (normal control) was injected with normal saline. Groups 2 and 3 were injected subcutaneously with 4 mg/kg of the propranolol (P4) and 8 mg/kg of the propranolol (P8), respectively. Blood samples were collected (before, immediately, 6, 24, and 72 hours after surgery). Then, the IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, WBCs, and lymphocytes levels were determined at different time points. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Pearson-test at a significant level of P≤0.05. Results: The results showed a higher level of IL-2 in the P8 and P4 groups with a significant difference compared to the control group (P≤0.05). TNF-α was decreased significantly in the P8 compared to the P4 and control groups (P≤0.05). The P4 has shown a lower level of IFN- γ compared to the P8 and control groups with a significant difference (P≤0.05).Conclusion: It appears that propranolol has considerable immunomodulatory effects on immune responses. Therefore, perioperative use of propranolol may improve immune system function.

Evaluating Immunomodulatory Effects and Cytokine Changes by Propranolol Following Surgical Stress in Male Rats Keywords:

Interleukin-2 , Interferon-γ , Tumor necrosis factor-α , Propranolol , Surgical Stress