A review of RDF extraction from municipal waste as an innovative solution to waste management in Iran

Landfills still dispose of a significant portion of municipal solid waste (MSW), posing environmental concerns. Energy recovery, particularly through refuse-derived fuel (RDF), emerges as a sustainable approach to MSW management. Currently, mechanical and biological treatment processes can convert MSW into refuse-derived fuel (RDF). This study introduces various methods of extracting energy from waste and investigates RDF as an added value to waste management. This study investigated RDF's production method, applications, and standards. Also, according to the results, the global standard for RDF has not yet been determined, and the percentage of its use cannot be clearly determined. This research explores the role of RDF in achieving sustainable development and circular economy goals. This led to the introduction of a set of indicators for sustainable development goals, aimed at advancing RDF production goals. Also, the participation of RDF in the circular economy and transition from the linear economy are evaluated due to its ability to reuse waste.

Keywords:

Municipal solid waste (MSW) , Waste-to-energy (WtE) , Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) , Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) , circular economy (CE)