Civil and architectural safety measures to protect the stability of the building against the fire crisis

The safety of a building against the phenomenon of fire is a cliché that we read and see the necessity of its existence and sometimes painfully feel its absence. The engineering of a building against fire is one of the infrastructures of architectural and civil engineering in building stability, which has been proposed and agreed upon since ۲۰۱۵ in the index scale of "sustainable metropolises". Buildings are like a concentrated fuel that can start a fire. Wooden buildings, buildings with wooden slats, and buildings that use plastic insulation materials are all flammable. Buildings also have many spark sources. Faulty heaters, sparks from fireplaces, chimneys and worn wiring, etc., can all start fires. The growth of population and migration to cities causes the city to expand and people move to tall and dense buildings. A fire accident in such buildings can bring serious consequences and many casualties. Therefore, research in this field is effective at any time. The statistics published by the competent centers indicate that every year large amounts of capital of the countries are lost due to accidents such as floods, earthquakes and fires. Therefore, paying attention to the safety regulations is one of the requirements for the design of high-rise buildings, which is required to comply with strict measures in the design. The high population density also doubles the problems of controlling the situation during a crisis. The correct location of the exit routes should be based on the accurate calculation of the exit time intervals and the dimensions of the emergency exits should be predicted according to the traffic volume of the users during the crisis. Meanwhile, the information about these incidents is usually not available and the scenarios that lead to the reduction of damages for buildings are less predicted. With the expansion of modern urban constructions, the potential of fire hazards and the possibility of their occurrence in the structure has also expanded. What is important is how to prevent and also deal with the fire risks of buildings, which should be given a lot of attention. There is a risk of fire in every building and it is impossible to achieve complete safety against fire. The weaknesses of all types of structures against fire when It is considered that a very serious fire with high loss of life and money will occur, so the necessary predictions should be made in the stage of design and implementation (construction and architecture) to prevent damage caused by fire.

Keywords:

safety , civil engineering , building architecture , fire , building stability against fire , tall building.