Prevalence of periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) based on gingival health indices in ۳۵-۷۰-year-old patients referred to Rafsanjan Cohort Center, Iran, in ۲۰۱۹

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Periodontal disease is considered to be a remarkable factor affecting the quality of life and systemic and oral health by causing various symptoms for patients. The objective of this research was the evaluation of periodontal status and its related factors including age, gender, educational level, oral hygiene, and diabetes mellitus (DM) in people aged ۳۵-۷۰ years in cohort population of Rafsanjan, Iran.METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, ۷۸۵۵ patients aged ۳۵-۷۰ years who referred to Rafsanjan Cohort Center in ۲۰۱۹ were selected through systemic sampling and were examined according to their gingival health indices such as bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Data were then analyzed by SPSS software using chi-square test and independent t-test. P-value less than ۰.۰۵ was set as significant level.RESULTS: All three gingival health indices were higher in people in older age category significantly (P = ۰.۰۰۰۱). BOP index was significantly higher in women (P = ۰.۰۰۰۱); the other two indices were also more in women, although insignificantly. By education level increase, BOP, pocket depth, and CAL decreased (P = ۰.۰۰۰۱, P = ۰.۰۶۵۰, and P = ۰.۰۰۰۱, respectively). Moreover, brushing decreased all indices although this decline was just significant for BOP and pocket depth (P = ۰.۰۳۸۰ and P = ۰.۰۰۰۱, respectively). Concerning DM, no significant difference was observed between diabetics and non-diabetics in CAL (P = ۰۸۹۱۰) and pocket depth (P = ۰.۳۲۴۰). However, people with DM had significantly higher BOP (P = ۰.۰۰۰۱).CONCLUSION: Periodontal diseases were more likely in women with older age and lower educational level who had poorer oral hygiene. People with DM had higher BOP but CAL and periodontal pocket were not different between diabetics and non-diabetics.

Keywords:

Diabetes Mellitus , Gingival Bleeding , Periodontal Attachment Loss , Periodontal Pocket