Review of CRISPR/Cas systems and its different applications

With increasing human population in the world and climate change challenges, it is essential to produce global need for food and upgrade the quantity and trait of crops. Regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein ۹ (Cas۹) technology as an influential tool in genetic engineering, had remarkable results in medicine, biotechnology, regulation of specific genes, genetic modifications of crops in agriculture and more diverse applications in breeding plants with rich nutritional value, stress tolerant crops or disease resistance products. By using CRISPR/Cas technology, genetic code in almost any organisms can be rewritten which has been employed in various cell lines. CRISPR repeats have been represented in most archaeal and bacterial genomes as part of their immune system but these repeats have not been discovered in DNA sequences of eukaryotes. Here we briefly review CRISPR technology and its’ potentials in genome editing and have a discourse on limitations and developments of this technology.

Keywords:

genome engineering , genome editing , CRISPR , Cas۹