The role of silver, copper, and iron nanoparticles in agriculture: advantagesand challenges

In recent years, nanoparticles have been considered as an important tool in agricultureand biotechnology due to their unique characteristics such as large surface area, smallsize, and specific chemical and physical properties, due to their high potential to improveplant performance and reduce environmental problems. Silver, copper, and ironnanoparticles are used in various industries, including agriculture, due to their uniqueproperties, and they have various effects on plants. These nanoparticles are produced bychemical, physical, and biological methods, including green synthesis. This review articleexamines various methods of nanoparticle synthesis, especially green synthesis, and theirpositive and negative effects on plants. Nanoparticles can act as nanofertilizers andnanopesticides and increase the absorption of nutrients and resistance of plants todiseases. However, improper and long-term use of nanoparticles may lead to theirtoxicity and accumulation in the soil and damage to the cellular structure of plants. It canbe mentioned in the soil. This article points to the importance of responsible use andcareful investigations before the widespread use of nanoparticles in agriculture to reducepossible negative effects and provide more sustainable and environmentally friendlyproductivity.

Keywords:

nanoparticles , synthesis of medicinal plants , medicinal plants , improvementof plant performance