Physiological Responses of Melissa the Effects of Growth Regulators on Induction of Callus Tissue and Regeneration of Harmala (Peganum harmala L.)

There has been limited information on the in-vitro propagation of Harmal. In this research, leaf, hypocotyl and embryo samples of this plant were examined for callus formation and regeneration. The present experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in two separate experiments with different hormonal treatments. In the first experiment, MS medium contained growth with different concentrations of Benzylaminopourine ((BAP) ۰, ۰.۵, ۱ and ۲ mg/L) in combination with Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at concentrations (۰, ۰.۲۵ and ۰.۵ mg/L. In the second experiment, BAP with concentrations (۰, ۰.۵, ۱ and ۲ mg/L) in combination with ۲,۴-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (۲, ۴-D) with concentrations (۰, ۲۵ and ۰.۵ mg / L). The results of the first experiment showed that the highest callus and regeneration for the Harmal a plant was the combination of BAP hormone (۰.۵ mg/L) with NAA (۰.۵ mg/L). In this research, leaf, hypocotyl and embryo samples of this plant were examined for callus formation and regeneration. The results of the second experiment, on the other hand, showed that callus of explants was carried out in most of the BAP and ۲,۴-D hormonal treatments, and the highest regeneration was observed in the treatment of ۱ mg/L BAP with ۰.۵ mg/L ۲,۴-D. High BAP concentration in the presence of NAA decreased callus formation and appeared to be better for NAA callus enhancement. The high concentration of BAP in the presence of NAA reduced callus formation and it can be said that NAA was better for increasing callus production. It was found that in the presence of ۲,۴-D and BAP, leaf explants were more efficient for regeneration and callus formation compared to hypocotyl and embryo explants. In the medium supplemented with ۰.۵ mg/L ۲,۴-D and ۱ mg/L BA for the leaf and hypocotyl explants, Maximum callus induction and shoot regeneration was obtained.

Keywords:

BAP , Callus , Harmala , regeneration , and ۲ , ۴-D