Biochemical Aspects of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Pathophysiology, Biochemical Markers, Diagnosis, Treatment Strategies, and the Role of Nursing Care

Background and Aim: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Genetic predisposition, compromised intestinal barrier integrity, environmental influences, and dysregulated immune responses all contribute to the development of IBD. Recognizing biochemical markers and understanding immune mechanisms are crucial for advancing diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. This study explores the biochemical underpinnings of IBD, focusing on pathophysiology, biomarkers, diagnosis, treatment options, and the essential role of nursing care.Method: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, examining studies on IBD pathophysiology, genetic and environmental factors, immune responses, and treatment approaches, including pharmacological interventions such as aminosalicylates, steroids, and immunomodulators. In addition, the role of nursing care in IBD management was evaluated.Results: Findings indicate that genetic mutations, particularly those affecting immune regulation and epithelial barrier function, increase IBD susceptibility. Environmental factors like diet, smoking, and antibiotic use further influence disease development. Dysregulation in immune responses, involving both innate and adaptive immunity, and gut microbiota imbalance play pivotal roles in IBD progression. Biochemical markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), fecal calprotectin, and inflammatory cytokines, play a key role in diagnosing and monitoring disease activity. Treatment with aminosalicylates, steroids, and immunomodulators remains effective in managing symptoms, but these therapies have limitations and adverse effects. Nurses play an essential role in patient education, medication management, symptom monitoring, and providing psychosocial support, enhancing the overall care experience.Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of the biochemical mechanisms underlying IBD and associated markers aids in better disease management. Nursing care, focused on patient education, medication adherence, and emotional support, is crucial in improving patient outcomes and quality of life for IBD patients. Further research is recommended to advance diagnostic markers, treatment strategies, and nursing interventions to optimize IBD care.

Biochemical Aspects of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Pathophysiology, Biochemical Markers, Diagnosis, Treatment Strategies, and the Role of Nursing Care Keywords:

Inflammatory bowel disease , pathophysiology , biochemical markers , immunology treatment , nursing care , Ulcerative colitis