Genetic Mechanisms And Emerging Therapeutic Approaches In Alzheimer's Disease: A Review Of Genetic Risk Factors And Advances In Targeted Treatment Strategies

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, largely driven by genetic, molecular, and environmental factors. This review explores the genetic underpinnings of AD, focusing on key risk genes such as APOE, PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP, and their roles in amyloid-beta production, tau phosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. A systematic literature search encompassing recent studies (2020–2024) was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords related to Alzheimer's genetic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Findings indicate that the APOE-ε4 allele significantly elevates disease risk, while early-onset familial AD is linked to deterministic mutations in PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP. Advances in gene-editing technologies, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, have opened new avenues for modulating these genetic pathways, although challenges such as off-target effects and ethical concerns remain. Moreover, the interplay of genetic predispositions with environmental factors such as diet, physical activity, and comorbidities underscores the need for personalized prevention strategies. This review emphasizes integrating genetic insights with molecular and environmental research to develop precision medicine approaches. The findings highlight emerging therapeutic opportunities, including gene-based interventions targeting amyloid and tau pathologies, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Despite the complexity of AD, leveraging multi-omics, computational tools, and global collaborations can accelerate the translation of genetic research into effective treatments, addressing the growing global burden of Alzheimer's disease

Genetic Mechanisms And Emerging Therapeutic Approaches In Alzheimer's Disease: A Review Of Genetic Risk Factors And Advances In Targeted Treatment Strategies Keywords:

Alzheimer's disease , Genetic risk factors , APOE , CRISPR-Cas9 , Precision medicine