Immune Response Against Coxiella Burnetii

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes Q fever. Q fever can cause significant financial losses in herds of domestic ruminants, including goats, cows, and sheep, and its outbreak poses a major public health threat, including to humans. It can cause diseases such as pneumonia or meningitis. Long-term complications such as endocarditis and osteoarticular issues may also occur less frequently.We conducted a review to establish current knowledge about immunity against Coxiella burnetii. We reviewed literature from articles on the common topic of Coxiella burnetii, immune responses, interactions, and hosts, which were available in Persian or English with full accessible texts. A total of 19 articles were used. The results showed that given C. burnetii's ability to establish an intracellular niche, it requires cell-mediated adaptive responses from T cells for control and clearance. Inducing long-term immunological memory requires the production of memory T cells (both CD4+ and CD8+) and plasma B cells that secrete high-affinity antibodies. To this end, we focused on vaccine strategies that ensure the induction of antigen-specific effector memory T or B cells for the better development of Q fever vaccines. The findings from this study can help improve clinical practices for better outcomes through a better understanding of host immunity and vaccine use

Immune Response Against Coxiella Burnetii Keywords:

Coxiella burnetii , Q fever , domestic ruminants , humans , immune response , vaccine