The Right to Self-Determination in International Law: Challenges and Conflicts in Light of Recent Developments"

The right to self-determination, as one of the fundamental principles of international law, allows people to determine their political, economic, social, and cultural status. This right, recognized in the Charter of the United Nations and other international instruments, has undergone significant developments throughout history and has been used as a tool to end colonialism, support minority rights, and promote democracy. However, the implementation of this right in practice faces numerous challenges, including conflicts with the principle of territorial integrity, the role of major powers, and ethnic and religious disputes. This article examines the legal foundations of the right to self-determination, its implementation challenges, and recent developments in this field. In the historical background section, the evolution of this right from the 18th century to recent developments is discussed. The legal foundations section analyzes international documents and the distinction between internal and external self-determination. The challenges section explores obstacles to the implementation of this right in disputed regions such as Palestine, Taiwan, and Kurdistan. Finally, in the recent developments section, new approaches in international law to address conflicts related to the right to self-determination are reviewed. The findings of this article demonstrate that the right to self-determination remains a cornerstone of international law, but its implementation requires innovative approaches and international cooperation. To enhance the implementation of this right, it is recommended to establish stronger enforcement mechanisms, emphasize human rights and democracy, and resolve conflicts through political negotiations and peaceful dispute resolution. Ultimately, the right to self-determination should be framed within respect for human rights and democracy to achieve its full realization and contribute to a fairer and more peaceful world.