Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and preclinical evaluation of common yarrow, Achillea millefolium L.

This research explores the bioactive potential of Achillea millefolium L. (common yarrow), a plant historically utilized in traditional medicine, by evaluating its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The study involves extracting and characterizing bioactive compounds from yarrow, followed by in vitro analyses to assess its effectiveness against prevalent pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Antimicrobial performance is measured using agar diffusion and microdilution techniques to quantify inhibitory effects. Antioxidant capacity is determined through two assays: DPPH radical scavenging, which yields an IC50 value of 45.2 µg mL-1, and FRAP analysis, demonstrating a ferric-reducing capability of 78.3%. These results highlight yarrow’s ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species and reduce oxidative stress, underscoring its therapeutic promise. Preclinical evaluation involves in vivo studies on rodent models to assess the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties of yarrow extracts, demonstrating a 40% reduction in inflammation and a 35% acceleration in wound closure compared to control groups. Phytochemical analysis identifies flavonoids, phenolic acids, and sesquiterpene lactones as the primary bioactive constituents responsible for these effects. The findings suggest that A. millefolium L. possesses potent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and promising preclinical efficacy, making it a potential candidate for developing natural therapeutic agents. Further studies are recommended to explore its safety, dosage, and mechanisms of action for clinical applications.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and preclinical evaluation of common yarrow, Achillea millefolium L. Keywords:

Achillea millefolium L , Antimicrobial activity , Antioxidant activity , Preclinical evaluation , Wound healing , Phytochemical analysis