Agriculture in Hard Conditions: Establishing Greenhouse Complex in Darmian County in South Khorasan Province, Southeast of Iran through Organizing Collective Action

Darmian County in South Khorasan province, southeast of Iran is an isolated, deprived and remote area with high degree of salinity and salt amount in its water and soil. This greenhouse complex of Darmian County established by loans and helps of central government, agricultural bank and local people in this area. Greenhouses act as a shield against external threats, protecting crops from harsh weather conditions, pests and diseases. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices within greenhouses reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides, promoting sustainable and eco-friendly farming. Protected Agriculture (PA) presents a sustainable solution for food production in hot and arid environments. Harsh climate and the water deficit are obstacles to all year-round cultivation. The greenhouse design should provide adequate control of its microclimate, such as temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, and lighting depending on ambient conditions and the type of cultivation. Plus, pictures of author field research visiting from a modern and newly established greenhouse complex in Darmian County in South Khorasan province, southeast of Iran. In this greenhouse complex utilizing modern technologies for desalination and suiting it for growing plants and fish farming, etc. In this greenhouse complex planting trees of orange inside the greenhouse – as a byproduct and fancy and amusing tree – and Jujube (Ziziphus jujube) and Grape (vitis vinifera) trees and shrubs – as windbreaker and sunshade trees - outside the greenhouse, plus utilizing and selling their products. This greenhouse complex established by loans and helps of central government, agricultural bank and local people in this deprived and remote area with high degree of salt in its water and soil. In this article, authors discuss and state the most important aspects of agriculture in hard conditions with an emphasis on establishing a greenhouse complex in Darmian County in South Khorasan province, southeast of Iran through organizing collective action.

Agriculture in Hard Conditions: Establishing Greenhouse Complex in Darmian County in South Khorasan Province, Southeast of Iran through Organizing Collective Action Keywords:

Agriculture in hard conditions , establishing greenhouse complex , organizing collective action , Darmian County in South Khorasan province , Iran