A review of innovative CO2 reduction methods for climate change mitigation

This review highlights the urgent need for innovative methods to reduce and capture carbon dioxide (CO₂), a crucial step in tackling climate change. Over the past century, human activities have raised atmospheric CO₂ levels from 310 ppm to 415 ppm, resulting in global warming and significant climate disruptions. The paper comprehensively discusses various technologies for carbon capture, including membrane-based systems, oxy-fuel combustion, chemical looping combustion (CLC), and cryogenic carbon capture (CCC). Membrane-based systems are particularly noteworthy due to their potential to transform carbon capture by offering cost-effectiveness and scalability. Currently, polymeric membranes are affordable but face challenges with selectivity and durability. In contrast, inorganic membranes show promise with their higher stability and selectivity. Integrating these benefits in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) enhances both selectivity and permeability, suggesting a bright future for this technology as material compatibility improves. Oxy-fuel combustion, which utilizes nearly pure oxygen, generates CO₂-rich flue gas that simplifies capture; however, it is hindered by the energy demands of air separation units. CLC employs oxygen carriers for combustion, producing concentrated CO₂ while avoiding nitrogen oxides (NOx). Nevertheless, it necessitates robust carriers and well-optimized reactor designs. CCC achieves high-purity CO₂ by cooling gases, although this method is energy-intensive. Integrating advanced heat exchange and thermal management strategies could improve its viability. No single approach will suffice for effective CO₂ reduction; a tailored combination of methods is essential. Furthermore, the success of these innovative strategies relies on collaboration across industries and the implementation of supportive policies. Carbon pricing and incentives are crucial in driving these technologies forward and achieving meaningful reductions in CO₂ emissions. Collective efforts can make a significant difference in addressing this pressing issue.

A review of innovative CO2 reduction methods for climate change mitigation Keywords:

Co2 reduction , carbon capture , Membrane , carbon chemical looping , climate change