An overview on the effect of Neospora caninum parasite on the treatment ofmelanoma cancer tumors

Background: Melanoma is a high-risk malignant skin tumor with a high mortality rate.This tumor can metastasize quickly and spread to other important organs like lungs, liver,brain and bones. Metastases are the main cause of death in many types of cancer. Somemicroorganisms can prevent the development of cancer and metastasis by activating thebody's immune system. One of this microorganisms is Neospora caninum, a livestockparasite. The objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-melanoma effect of thisparasite without any pathogenic activity in humans.Methods: In this research include 26 articles on The effect of Neospora caninum oninhibiting the growth of cancer cells which were collected from Scopus and Civilicadatabases, its purpose is to investigate the effect of Neospora caninum parasite on thegrowth and metastasis of melanoma tumor cells.Results: In various researches, the volume of tumors was measured before and afterinjection. Cell death areas were observed and measured by hematoxylin and eosinstaining. Intratumoral and distal subcutaneous injections of Neospora caninum resulted insignificant inhibition of tumor growth and more than 50% of tumor cells were deadwithout signs of apoptosis. Cytokine and tumor-related factors were identified in tumors,spleen and lung by polymerase chain reaction. And investigations were done on thelungs. Finally, the increase in the penetration of macrophages and CD8+ T cells wasproven with anti-CD68 and anti-CD8 antibodies.Conclusion: Neospora caninum tachyzoites were injected into a C57BL/6 mousemelanoma model by intratumural and distal subcutaneous method to measure the volume of tumors before and after injection, the factors and the Infiltration of macrophages and CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironments. In the Neospora Caninum-treated mice, tumor growth control was greatly increased and the number of Natural killer cells, CD8+ T cells and macrophages, also increased inside the lungs.Neospora caninum inhibits B16F10 melanoma by activating immune responses and directly destroying tumor cells. and prevents metastasis to other organs. Using this parasite to treat melanoma has stable, non-toxic and effective properties.

An overview on the effect of Neospora caninum parasite on the treatment ofmelanoma cancer tumors Keywords:

B16F10 melanoma , Cancer , Cytokines , Metastasis , Neospora caninum , Tumor