The effects of the conditioned medium of estradiol treated mesenchymal stem cells on the structure and function of skeletal muscles in the rat model of type 2 diabetes

Purpose: Diabetes affects various organs, including skeletal muscles, due to high blood sugar levels. In type 2 diabetes, muscle cell damage impairs function, impacting daily activities and quality of life. Currently, there are no drugs available to treat muscle wasting. However, research has demonstrated the potential of stem cells and the conditioned medium they produce in managing or treating complications associated with certain diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of conditional medium of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells treated with estradiol on skeletal muscle structure and function in a diabetic rat model based on behavioral, gene and tissue expression changes. Method: In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, diabetic, diabetic receiving conditioned medium, and diabetic receiving conditioned medium from estradiol-treated cells. The control and diabetic groups received normal saline. Each group received intraperitoneal injections of 100 μl solutions three times during the treatment period (on the 7th, 21st, and 35th days post-diabetes induction). Behavioral tests were conducted 42 days after the initial injection. The right gastrocnemius muscle was collected for gene expression analysis (PI3K, Akt, Atrogin-1), total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde production. The left muscle was preserved for immunohistochemical studies of Bax, Bcl2, and Caspase-3. Results: The study found that diabetes significantly decreased PI3K/Akt signaling pathway gene levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), while increasing blood sugar levels, malondialdehyde, apoptotic protein expression, Atrogin-1 gene expression, and muscle tissue damage. Conclusion: Treatment with conditioned medium, with or without estradiol, improved conditions in diabetic rats. Keywords: diabetes, stem cells, conditioned medium, estradiol, muscle

The effects of the conditioned medium of estradiol treated mesenchymal stem cells on the structure and function of skeletal muscles in the rat model of type 2 diabetes Keywords:

diabetes , stem cells , conditioned medium , estradiol , muscle