Environmental Analysis of Urban Development Trends in Tehran Metropolis: Challenges and Sustainability Potentials

In recent decades, the metropolis of Tehran has experienced rapid urban expansion and population growth, leading to escalating environmental challenges such as air pollution, declining green space per capita, depletion of natural resources, and unsustainable land use patterns. This study aims to analyze the environmental consequences of urban development in Tehran and to identify potential pathways toward sustainability. The research employs a qualitative methodology based on document analysis and semi-structured interviews with experts in urban planning and environmental management. Data were collected from urban master plans, environmental reports, and expert opinions, and were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings indicate that Tehran's urban development over the past two decades has exerted significant pressure on ecological systems and diminished overall environmental quality. Nevertheless, the results also reveal strategic opportunities for policy reform, land use restructuring, and the adoption of nature-based approaches in urban management. The outcomes of this research can inform future policymaking aimed at enhancing the environmental resilience of Tehran.

Keywords:

Environmental Sustainability , Urban Development , Tehran Metropolis , Qualitative Analysis , Eco-oriented Planning