A Review on Enhancing Freeze-Thaw Resistance in Cementitious and Asphalt Materials through Nanomaterial Integration

This review examines the incorporation of nanomaterials, specifically carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene, and rice husk-derived graphene (GRH), to enhance the freeze-thaw resistance and overall performance of cementitious and asphalt materials. The integration of these advanced nanomaterials significantly improves mechanical properties, fracture toughness, and durability by refining the microstructure, reducing porosity, and strengthening the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). Moreover, the addition of CNTs and related nanomaterials enhances thermal properties, enabling multifunctional capabilities such as self-sensing and anti-icing features, which are particularly valuable for infrastructure exposed to extreme temperature fluctuations. However, challenges remain, including issues with the uniform dispersion of nanomaterials, the high cost of production, and the need for scalable synthesis methods. Future research should focus on addressing these barriers through cost-effective production techniques and long-term performance studies to optimize nanomaterial formulations for practical applications. The findings suggest that nanomaterial-enhanced construction materials hold great potential for improving the durability, safety, and sustainability of infrastructures in environments subjected to freeze-thaw conditions.

Keywords:

Nanomaterials , Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) , Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs) , Graphene , Rice Husk-Derived Graphene (GRH) , Freeze-Thaw Resistance